Calendar Names Meaning

Calendar Names Meaning

Synopsis

1. Introduction
2. Roman Calendar 
3. Julian Calendar
4. January to December
5. Indian Calendar
6. Reference

Introduction

*Romulus, the first ruler of Rome, introduced the Roman Calendar with 10 months in 753 BC.

*Julius Caesar replaced the Roman Calendar with the Julian Calendar in 45 BC by introducing the leap year and changing the 10 months into 12 months.

*Pope Gregory XIII replaced the Julian Calendar with the Gregorian Calendar in 1582 by introducing accurate rules for calculating leap years.

*At present, the world follows the Gregorian Calendar.

Roman Calendar 

*Romans borrowed their earliest known calendar from the Greeks.

*Romans had a 10-month lunar calendar, with one year consisting of 304 days, beginning with March and ending with December.

*Winter (61 days) was considered a dead month.

Julian Calendar

*The time taken by Earth to complete one solar orbit is about 365.2422 days.

*Julius Caesar's astronomers expressed the need for 12 months in a year with the addition of a leap year to synchronise with the seasons.

*With 365 days per year and a leap day added every four years, the average length of one year in the Julian Calendar is 365.25 days.

*When January and February were added as the first two months (Winter), the names of the last four months were not changed.

January to December 

The early Roman calendar initially comprised ten months, starting in March. Later, Numa Pompilius, an early Roman king, added January and February, leading to the transition to the twelve-month format that we use today. After these additions, January became '1,' February became '2,' and March, which was initially '1,' shifted to '3.' Consequently, December, originally '10,' became '12.'

Indian Calendar

*India follows the Shalivahana Shaka Calendar along with the Gregorian Calendar.

*This calendar system was adopted on 22 March 1957 for official purposes.

*Some Indian states have their own calendars, such as the Tamil Calendar, Malayalam Calendar, Bengali Calendar, and Punjabi Calendar.

*Calendars with 12 months, 1 week, and 365 days are the same across the world, but month names and dates vary with respect to different cultures and traditions.

Reference

Julian Calendar

https://www.britannica.com/science/Julian-calendar

Gregorian Calendar

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar

Indian National Calendar

https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indian-national-calendar-saka-calendar-new-year-22-march-1941#read-more

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